New Information on haplogroup N

N-M178 a branch of N that includes the Tat mutation was found to be the single most frequent haplogroup in 18 Siberian populations (22.7%), while the whole N is at a frequency of 42.7%. N-M178 was found in 15 of 18 sampled populations, reaching its highest frequency of 94.3% in the Yakuts of Central-South Siberia (Turkic speakers, east of Lake Baikal, i.e., in the region of Siberia where there are no palaeoanthropological traces of Europeoid race)

A new polymorphism N-P43 (19.7% in total, and 32.6% in NW Siberia) was discovered. N-P43 lacks that Tat mutation, and hence belongs to the old HG12 group. 91.6% of N-P43 bearers are Uralic speakers.

N-M178 and N-P43 were dated to 2,180 +/ 105 years, and 3,500 +/- 300, while N was dated to 6,910+1,480. Karafet re-affirms the initial appraisal of their origin:

"Haplogroups N-P43 and N-M178 may
have entered Siberia from Mongolia and North China (Zerjal et al. 1997) and later
spread west, and then northeastward within Siberia."

[1] T. Karafet et al., High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life, Human Biology, Volume 74, Number 6, December 2002